Introduction

The Aravali Range is one of the oldest mountain ranges in the world, stretching across the northwestern region of India. Extending approximately 700 km, it runs through the states of Rajasthan, Haryana, Gujarat, and Delhi. Known as the "backbone of Rajasthan," the Aravali has shaped the geography, history, and culture of the region for millions of years.

Geological Origins

The Aravali Range is estimated to be more than 2.5 billion years old, making it one of the most ancient geological formations on Earth. Formed during the Proterozoic Era due to tectonic activities and crustal movements, the range primarily consists of igneous and metamorphic rocks such as granite, gneiss, and quartzite. Over millions of years, the mighty mountains have been eroded into the modest hills and ridges we see today.

Ancient History

The Aravali region has been a cradle of civilization since prehistoric times. Archaeological evidence from sites like Kalibangan and Ahar suggests that early human settlements thrived near the Aravali due to fertile land and water availability. The range also finds mention in Vedic texts and ancient scriptures, highlighting its cultural and spiritual importance. It served as a natural barrier, protecting northwestern India from invaders for centuries.

Cultural & Mythological Connections

In Indian mythology, the Aravali is linked to several legends and folk tales. Many temples and sacred sites dot the range, including the famous Mount Abu, which houses the renowned Dilwara Temples. Local communities still narrate stories of gods, saints, and warriors who were associated with the mountains. The Aravali continues to be revered as a sacred and life-giving range.

Natural History

Once covered with dense forests, the Aravali range supported diverse flora and fauna. Historically, it was home to species like leopards, hyenas, jackals, antelopes, and a variety of bird species. Over time, deforestation, mining, and human settlement have drastically reduced the forest cover and biodiversity. Today, protected areas like Sariska Tiger Reserve and Ranthambore National Park still conserve parts of this ecosystem.

Modern Era and Conservation

During the medieval and colonial periods, the Aravali played a significant role in trade, defense, and settlement patterns. In modern times, urbanization, mining, and deforestation have severely degraded the range. However, conservation efforts are underway to restore its ecological balance. Initiatives like afforestation, wildlife sanctuaries, and eco-tourism are being promoted to preserve this ancient heritage.

Interesting Facts

• The Aravali is older than the Himalayas.

• Guru Shikhar in Mount Abu is the highest peak (1,722 meters).

• The range acts as a natural barrier, influencing climate by blocking the spread of the Thar Desert.

• Several rivers, including Banas and Sahibi, originate from the Aravali.